Neftçala is a city and the capital of the Neftchala Rayon of Azerbaijan. In the city, there is palace of culture, regional study museum and gallery museum.

The city name is of Persian ("naft" meaning oil or petroleum) and Azerbaijani ("çala" meaning trench) origin, meaning oil trench.

Throughout its history, Neftchala has suffered from floods because of its proximity to the river and the relatively low elevation of most of the town.