Abbeville is located on the Somme River, 20 km (12 mi) from its modern mouth in the English Channel.

The majority of the town is located on the east bank of the Somme, as well as on an island.

It is located at the head of the Abbeville Canal, and is 45 km (28 mi) northwest of Amiens and approximately 200 kilometres (120 mi) from Paris. It is also 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) as the crow flies from the Bay of Somme (fr) and the English Channel.

In the medieval period, it was the lowest crossing point on the Somme and it was nearby that Edward III's army crossed shortly before the Battle of Crécy in 1346.

Just halfway between Rouen and Lille, it is the historical capital of the County of Ponthieu (fr) and maritime Picardy.

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