Serpukhov is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Oka and the Nara Rivers, 99 kilometers (62 mi) south from Moscow on the Moscow-Simferopol highway. The Moscow—Tula railway passes through Serpukhov. Population: 127,041 (2010 Census); 131,097 (2002 Census); 143,618 (1989 Census). Serpukhov is the administrative center of the Serpukhov city district within the Moscow region. It has a population of126,273 (2020). Serpukhov is the center of the Serpukhov city agglomeration with a population of more than 260,000 inhabitants.

In the 14th and early 15th centuries, Serpukhov was the capital of the principality. Allocated to an independent administrative and economic unit with direct subordination to the executive committee of the regional council on September 14, 1939. Now a city of regional subordination, it is part of the municipal education of the city district of Serpukhov.

In modern times, Serpukhov has become a local industrial center with textile, mechanical engineering, furniture, and paper-producing industries. The SeAZ factory produces the Lada Oka microcar since the 1980s. The Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve sprawls within 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) from the city. By a resolution of the Moscow Regional Duma of April 28, 2016, the city was awarded the honorary title "The Inhabited Point of Military Valor".