Bastogne is located in the Belgian Ardennes, in the east of the province of Luxembourg,. The city is 12 km (7.5 mi) away from the Luxembourg border. Its altitude is 515 m (1,690 ft) high on the ridge line separating the catchment areas of the Rhine and Meuse. It is the 9th largest municipality in Belgium and the third largest in the province (after Libramont-Chevigny and Léglise). In terms of population, it is the 4th largest municipality in the province after Arlon, Marche-en-Famenne and Aubange.

The 50th degree of north latitude crosses the city.

The municipality of Bastogne comprises five sections (Bastogne proper, Longvilly, Noville, Villers-la-Bonne-Eau, and Wardin) which were separate municipalities before the 1977 merger of municipalities.

Sights include:

• The 101st Airborne Museum includes dioramas and more about the experiences of soldiers and civilians during the siege of the city during World War II.
• The Bastogne Barracks museum is free and operated by the Belgian Army. It is located in the barracks used as the headquarters of the U.S. 101st Airborne during the Siege of Bastogne. It features an extensive collection of restored tanks and military vehicles as well as a guided tour of the underground barracks and artifacts from U.S., German and British forces. The base ("caserne") is about 5 blocks from the Place de St. Pierre. The museum includes the basement office where General McAuliffe issued the famous "Nuts!" response to the German demand for surrender. Other rooms display artillery, small arms, radio and medical equipment. Belgian Army specialists guide visitors through the base.
• The Bastogne War Museum has many war artifacts and videos recreating the experience of the Battle of the Bulge for visitors.
• The Porte de Trèves, part of the defensive walls that had been erected in the 14th century by John the Blind, can still be seen.
• The Romanesque tower of St Pierre church and its baptismal fonts also date from the Middle Ages.
• The Mardasson Memorial, was erected near Bastogne in 1950 to honor the memory of American soldiers wounded or killed during the Battle of the Bulge.
• Monuments to Brigadier General McAuliffe, General Patton and others can be found around town.
• Recogne German war cemetery, 6 km to the North. Contains the graves of 6,807 German soldiers.