Northamptonshire (archaically, the County of Northampton; abbreviated Northants) is a county in the East Midlands region of England. It has an estimated total population of 629,000 (2011 census). The ceremonial county comprises the non-metropolitan county, which is governed by Northamptonshire County Council and seven non-metropolitan districts.

Covering an area of 2,364 square kilometres (760 sq mi), Northamptonshire is landlocked between eight other ceremonial counties: Warwickshire to the west, Leicestershire and Rutland to the north, Cambridgeshire to the east, Bedfordshire to the south-east, Buckinghamshire to the south, Oxfordshire to the south-west and Lincolnshire to the north-east - England's shortest county boundary at 19 metres (21 yd).

Northampton is its county town; other large population centres include Kettering, Corby, Wellingborough, Rushden and Daventry. Northamptonshire's county flower is the cowslip.