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Rockingham is a village and civil parish in the Corby district of Northamptonshire, England. It is just north of Corby, close by the border with Leicestershire and Rutland, near to Great Easton and Caldecott. At the time of the 2001 census, the parish's population was 115 people, falling marginally to 113 at the 2011 Census. The village is the site of Rockingham Castle and gives its name to Rockingham Forest and the title Marquess of Rockingham, but Rockingham Motor Speedway is in East Northamptonshire.

Rockingham was the site of a council convened by William II on 25 February 1095, intended to depose Anselm as Archbishop of Canterbury. The Lords Spiritual, led by the Bishop of Durham, fell in line with the king, arguing that Anselm's support of the French-backed pope Urban II against the imperial pope Clement III made him a traitor to the realm. The Lords Temporal demurred and supported Anselm, in the absence of any proof of felony.

Rockingham Castle is often stated as being in the county of Leicestershire. This mistake arises due to Rockingham having a Market Harborough postal address, even though it borders directly onto the town of Corby in Northamptonshire. Rockingham village is part of, and is administered by Corby Borough Council.

The Castle overlooks the villages of Rockingham and Caldecott and enjoys good views over the Welland Valley. Now privately owned, it is open to the public on certain days.

Rockingham Castle was a popular haunt of writer Charles Dickens who was a great friend of Richard and Lavinia Watson, ancestors of the current family. The Castle is arguably the inspiration for Chesney Wold in one of his greatest works, Bleak House.

Rockingham Castle takes its name from the village of Rockingham, where the Castle is located. Rockingham Forest was also named after Rockingham village, during the time of William the Conqueror, because of the Castle's importance as a Royal retreat.

Rockingham Motor Speedway is a modern motorsport venue in the United Kingdom, that hosts corporate driving days, driver training, conferencing and exhibitions, vehicle manufacturing events, track days, testing, driving experiences and motor racing. It claims to be Europe's fastest racing circuit, and was the first banked oval constructed in Britain since the closure of Brooklands in 1939.