The town is located 265 kilometres (165 mi) south-east of Prague, on the railway line from Breclav to Znojmo. In the south it borders on the Austrian municipality of Schrattenberg. Until 1919 Valtice likewise belonged to Lower Austria. The town is part of the European Centrope multinational region project established in 2003; all border controls were abolished when the Czech Republic implemented the Schengen Agreement in 2007.

Valtice lies in the Mikulovska wine subregion.

Valtice contains one of the most impressive Baroque residences of Central Europe. It was designed as the seat of the ruling princes of Liechtenstein by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach in the early 18th century. Together with the neighbouring manor of Lednice, to which it is connected by a 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) long lime-tree avenue, Valtice forms the Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape, an UNESCO World Heritage Site.