Litomyšl is a town in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 10,000 inhabitants. It is former bishopric and Latin Catholic titular see. It lies 136 kilometres (85 mi) east of Prague.

The chateau-type castle complex in the town centre is an UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The dominant feature of Litomyšl is the monumental Renaissance castle built in the years 1568-81. The buildings of the castle precincts are exceptional not only for their architectural refinement, but have also as the birthplace of the Czech composer Bedrich Smetana.

On the elongated square, which is one of the largest in the Czech Republic, is a town hall of Gothic origin and a series of Renaissance and baroque houses, many with arcades and vaulted ground floor rooms. One of the most important houses is Dum U rytíru ("the House of the Knights"), a 16th-century building with a notable stone façade.

In the past the town was also a significant religious centre. It was in Litomyšl in 1344 that the second bishopric to be established in Bohemia was founded, although it ceased to exist in the Hussite Wars.

In the 19th century the Litomyšl Grammar School was of great importance.

The cultural traditions of the town go far beyond regional and national frontiers. The exquisite interiors of the castle, especially the baroque castle theatre, the amphitheatre in the castle park and Smetana House, all offer varied programmes of concerts and theatrical performances and thus enrich the life of the town throughout the year. In 1994 the meeting of the seven Central European presidents was held at the castle. The chateau complex was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1999.

Litomyšl is also home to the "Portmoneum", a museum of the artist and writer Josef Váchal in the home of his admirer Josef Portman, who commissioned Váchal's murals and painted furniture in the house.