Nymburk is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic, located 45 km (28 mi) east of Prague on the Elbe River. It has about 15,000 inhabitants.

The town was founded in around 1275 by the Bohemian king Premysl Otakar II. The king settled here the Dominican Order and invited here among Czech settlers also German and Dutch colonists. The Czech language prevailed in the 15th century after the Hussite Wars. During the reign of Wenceslaus II, the Gothic Church of Sts. Nicholas Church (today St. Giles Church) and Dominican Monastery were constructed. The town was surrounded by burnt-brick walls with about fifty towers and two defensive ditches, fed from the Elbe.

In the 19th century, the town was connected to the railroad and became important railway junction with depot of railway vehicles. The telegraph was introduced in 1850 and the first local telephones were installed in 1900. Because of the increasing prosperity that industrialization has brought, local sugar factory, brewery, hospital, middle school, gym, synagogue and evangelical church then arose in the town.