Caylus is a commune in the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Midi-Pyrénées region in southern France. Its inhabitants are called Caylusiens and Caylusiennes.

Calyus is famous for a castle built before 1176, and was owned by Raymond V of Toulouse at the time. It was taken by Simon de Montfort in 1211, before moving into the royal domain in 1270. In 1562, the city was sacked by the troops Calvinists of Symphorien Durfort, lord of Duras. In 1622, Louis XIII established headquarters here during the siege of Saint-Antonin.

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