The city's name comes from the Irish name Gaillimhe, which formed the western boundary of the earliest settlement, Dun Gaillimhe "Fort Gaillimh".
Historically, the name was Anglicised as Galliv or Gallive, closer to the Irish pronunciation. The city's name in Latin is Galvia.
The city also bears the nickname "City of the Tribes" because of the fourteen merchant families called the "tribes of Galway" who led the city in its Hiberno-Norman period.
Residents of the city are referred to as Galwegians.
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